Anodizing ndeye electrolytic passivation process inoshandiswa kuwedzera ukobvu hweyakasikwa oxide layer pamusoro pezvikamu zvesimbi.

Maitiro aya anonzi anodizing nekuti chikamu chinorapwa chinoumba anode electrode ye electrolytic cell.Anodizing inowedzera kuramba mukuora uye kupera, uye inopa kunamira kuri nani kwependi yekutanga uye glues kupfuura kuita simbi isina chinhu.Mafirimu eAnodic anogona zvakare kushandiswa kune akati wandei ekushongedza, angave ane gobvu porous coatings anogona kutora madhayi kana ane matete akajeka mabhandi anowedzera anoratidza mwenje wave kukanganisa maitiro.

Anodizing inoshandiswawo kudzivirira galling yezvakarukwa zvinhu uye kugadzira dielectric mafirimu e electrolytic capacitors.Anodic mafirimu anonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza aruminiyamu alloys, kunyange zvazvo maitiro aripowo kune titanium, zinc, magnesium, niobium, zirconium, hafnium, uye tantalum.Simbi kana kabhoni simbi simbi exfoliates kana oxidized pasi kwazvakarerekera kana alkaline micro-electrolytic mamiriro;kureva, iyo iron oxide (chaizvoizvo ferric hydroxide kana hydrated iron oxide, inozivikanwawo se ngura) inoumbwa neanoxic anodic makomba uye yakakura cathodic pamusoro, makomba aya anoisa maanion akadai se sulfate uye chloride inomhanyisa simbi iri pasi kuti iite ngura.Kabhoni flakes kana magunduru musimbi kana simbi ine yakakwira kabhoni yemukati (yakakwirira-kabhoni simbi, yakakandwa simbi) inogona kukonzeresa kugona kwe electrolytic uye kukanganisa coating kana plating.Ferrous metals anowanzo anodized electrolytically munitric acid kana nekurapa ne red fuming nitric acid kuti igadzire yakaoma Iron (II,III) oxide.Iyi okisidhi inoramba yakarongeka kunyangwe yakaputirwa pawaya uye wiring yakakotama.

Anodizing inoshandura microscopic texture yepamusoro uye crystal structure yesimbi iri pedyo nechepamusoro.Makobvu machira anowanzo ane porous, saka yekuisa chisimbiso inowanzodiwa kuti iwane corrosion resistance.Anodized aruminiyamu nzvimbo, semuenzaniso, dzakaoma kupfuura aruminiyamu asi ine yakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati kusakara inogona kuvandudzwa nekuwedzera ukobvu kana nekuisa zvisimbiso zvakakodzera.Mafirimu eAnodic anowanzo kusimba uye anoteedzera zvakanyanya kupfuura marudzi mazhinji ependi uye simbi plating, asiwo anowedzera brittle.Izvi zvinoita kuti vasanyanya kutsemuka uye kusvuuka kubva mukuchembera nekupfeka, asi zvakanyanya kutapukira kubva mukushushikana kwekupisa.

Mhando dze anodizing:

Anodizing yakashandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri kwenguva yakareba, uye inogona kupfupikiswa nenzira dzinotevera dzekuronga:

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwazvino, pane: yakananga ikozvino anodizing, kuchinjisa anodizing, uye pulse ikozvino anodizing iyo inogona kupfupisa nguva yekugadzira kuti isvike pahukobvu hunodiwa, iyo firimu layer yakakora, yunifomu uye dense, uye kushorwa kwecorrosion kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya. .

Maererano ne electrolyte, iyo yakakamurwa kuva: sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, chromic acid, yakasanganiswa asidhi uye yakasikwa ruvara anodizing ne organic sulfonic acid mhinduro.

Zvinoenderana nechimiro chefirimu, rakakamurwa kuita: firimu rakajairwa, firimu rakaoma (firimu gobvu), firimu reporcelain, rakajeka rekugadzirisa layer, semiconductor barrier layer uye imwe anodization.

Iko kushandiswa kweiyo yakananga ikozvino sulfuric acid anodizing nzira ndiyo yakajairika, nekuti ine anodizing kurapwa kwakakodzera aluminium uye akawanda aruminiyamu alloys;iyo firimu layer yakakora, yakaoma uye isingapfeki, uye zvirinani kusagadzika kwecorrosion kunogona kuwanikwa mushure mekuiswa chisimbiso;Iyo firimu layer haina ruvara uye yakajeka, ine yakasimba adsorption kugona uye nyore kuisa ruvara;iyo magetsi ekugadzirisa yakaderera, uye simba rekushandisa rakaderera;maitiro ekugadzirisa haadi kushandura kutenderera kwemagetsi, ayo anobatsira kuenderera mberi kugadzirwa uye inoshanda otomatiki otomatiki;sulfuric acid haina kukuvadza kumuviri wemunhu kupfuura chromic acid, uye kupa kwakafara., mutengo wakaderera uye zvimwe zvakanakira.

Usati wasarudza iyo oxidation process, iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa iyo aluminium kana aluminium alloy zvinhu, nekuti mhando yezvinhu uye mutsauko mune zvigadzirwa zvinokanganisa zvakananga kunaka kwechigadzirwa chealuminium mushure meanodization.Semuyenzaniso, kana paine hurema hwakadai semafuru, zvikweshwa, kupepeta, uye kukasharara pamusoro pearuminiyamu, hurema hwose hucharamba huchiratidzwa mushure meanodizing.Iyo alloy kuumbwa kune zvakare kukanganisa kwakananga pachitarisiko chepamusoro mushure meanodization.Semuenzaniso, iyo aruminiyamu alloy ine 1-2% manganese ine brown-blue mushure mekuita oxidation.Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemanganese mualuminium zvinhu, ruvara rwepamusoro mushure meoxidation inoshanduka kubva kubhurawu-bhuruu kuenda kune yakasviba.Aluminium alloys ane 0.6 kusvika 1.5% silicon ane grey mushure me oxidation, uye chena grey kana aine 3 kusvika 6% nesilicon.Iwo ane zinc ane opalescent, ane chromium ane goridhe kusvika kune grey mune asina kuenzana mimvuri, uye ane nickel akacheneruka eyero.Kazhinji kutaura, chete aluminium ine magnesium uye titanium ine inodarika 5% yegoridhe inogona kuwana isina ruvara, yakajeka, yakajeka uye yakachena chitarisiko mushure meoxidation.

Mushure mekusarudza aluminium uye aluminium alloy zvinhu, ndezvemuzvarirwo kufunga nezve kusarudzwa kweakakodzera anodizing maitiro.Parizvino, iyo sulfuric acid oxidation nzira, oxalic acid oxidation nzira uye chromic acid oxidation nzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya munyika yedu zvese zvakaunzwa zvakadzama mumabhuku nemabhuku, saka hazvifanirwe kuzvidzokorora.Ichi chinyorwa chinoda kupa sumo pfupi kune mamwe matekinoroji matsva ari kuvandudzwa muChina, pamwe nedzimwe nzira dziri kune dzimwe nyika.

1. Iyo tekinoroji nyowani yeanodizing yakagadzirwa muChina

(1) Rapid oxidation ye oxalic acid-formic acid yakasanganiswa mhinduro

Kushandiswa kweoxalic acid-formic acid musanganiswa imhaka yekuti formic acid is a oxidant yakasimba, mubhavhu rakadaro, formic acid inomhanyisa kuparara kwemukati (barrier layer and barrier layer) yeoxyde film, zvichiita kuti ive porous layer. (kureva. Mupendero wekunze wefirimu reoxide).Iyo conductivity yekugezera inogona kuvandudzwa (kureva, ikozvino density inogona kuwedzerwa), kuitira kuti iyo oxide film inogona kukurumidza kuumbwa.Kana ichienzaniswa neyakachena oxalic acid oxidation nzira, mhinduro iyi inogona kuwedzera kugadzirwa ne37.5%, kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba (kushandiswa kwesimba kweiyo oxalic acid oxidation nzira ndeye 3.32 kWh/m2, nzira iyi i2 kWh/m2), uye chengetedza. magetsi ne40%.

Iyo tekinoroji formula ndeye: oxalic acid 4-5%, formic acid 0.55%, matatu-chikamu AC 44±2 volts, ikozvino density 2-2.5A/d㎡, tembiricha 30±2℃.

(2) Yakasanganiswa asidhi oxidation

Iyi nzira yakabatanidzwa zviri pamutemo muyero yenyika yeJapan muna 1976, uye yakagamuchirwa neJapan North Star Nikkei Household Products Co., Ltd. Hunhu hwayo ndehwekuti firimu rinoumbwa nekukasira, kuoma, kusapfeka uye kusagadzikana kweiyo firimu. yakakwira kupfuura iyo yeyakajairwa sulfuric acid oxidation nzira, uye iyo firimu layer ndeye sirivheri-chena, iyo inokodzera kudhinda nekupenda zvigadzirwa.Mushure mekunge indasitiri yechigadzirwa chearuminiyamu yenyika yangu yashanyira Japan, yakakurudzirwa kuti ishandiswe muna 1979. Iyo yakakurudzirwa maitiro fomula ndeiyi: H2SO4 10～20%, COOHCOOH · 2H2O 1～2%, voltage 10～20V, ikozvino density 1～3A/d㎡ , tembiricha 15～30℃, nguva maminitsi makumi matatu.

(3) Porcelain oxidation

Porcelain oxidation inonyanya kushandisa chromic acid, boric acid uye potassium titanium oxalate se electrolytes, uye inoshandisa yakakwirira voltage uye yakakwirira tembiricha kurapwa kwe electrolytic.Kuonekwa kwemupendero wefirimu kwakafanana nekupenya pa porcelain, iyo ine high corrosion resistance uye yakanaka kupfeka kusagadzikana.Iyo firimu layer inogona kudhayiwa ne organic kana inorganic dhayi, kuitira kuti kutaridzika kuve nekupenya kwakakosha uye ruvara.Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa mualuminium cookware, magetsi, zvinyoreso zvegoridhe uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa, uye inozivikanwa kwazvo pakati pevazhinji.

(4) National Defense Color Oxidation

National Defense color oxidation inonyanya kushandiswa mukushongedza kwemauto ealuminium zvigadzirwa, saka inoda kuchengetedzwa kwakakosha.Iyo oxide firimu ndeyemauto girini, matt, kupfeka-inodzivirira uye yakasimba, uye ine yakanaka yekudzivirira kuita.Maitiro acho ndeaya anotevera: chekutanga, oxalic acid inoiswa oxidized kuti iite yegoridhe yero firimu layer, uyezve anodized nemhinduro ye potassium permanganate 20g/l uye H2SO41g/l.Shenyang Aluminium Products Factory yakashandisa nzira iyi kugadzira kettle dzehondo nemidziyo yekubikira.

(5) Multi-color oxidation

Nyoresa iyo yakadhayiwa asi isina kuvharwa anodic oxide layer ine chromic acid kana oxalic acid kuti iparadzire CrO3.Chikamu chepamusoro pechigadzirwa chakadhayiwa chinopera mushure mekunyoroveswa neCrO3.Wedzera oxalic acid kana chromium kune chero chikamu chechigadzirwa sezvinodiwa.Acid wash kure anogona kazhinji kumisa kuita nemufananidzo.Wobva wadhaya ruvara rwechipiri kana kudzokorora maitiro eCRO3 kupukuta, kupukuta, kudhaya, nezvimwewo, uye mapatani akadai semaruva nemakore anogona kuoneka sezvinodiwa.Parizvino, inonyanya kushandiswa mumakapu egoridhe, makapu emvura, mabhokisi etii, magetsi uye zvimwe zvigadzirwa.

(6) Marble pateni yekudhaya maitiro

Chigadzirwa chine oxidized chinotanga kudhayiwa nemuvara wekutanga, wakaomeswa, wobva wanyudzwa mumvura nemafuta anoyangarara pamusoro.Kana yasimudzwa kana kunyudzwa, oiri nemvura zvinogomera zvoga, zvichiita kuti bhaisikopo riya risave nemitsetse isina mitsetse.Yakasvibiswa negirizi.Paunenge uchidhaya zvakare ruvara rwechipiri, zvikamu zvefirimu reoxide zvakasvibiswa nemafuta hazvizove nedhayi, uye zvikamu zvisina mafuta zvichave zvakadhayiwa nemuvara wechipiri, zvichigadzira chimiro chisina kujairika senge marble pattern.Iyi nzira inogona kuonekwa muzvinyorwa zveComrade Zhou Shouyu weGuangdong State-owned Yangjiang Knife Factory ("Electroplating and Finishing", No. 2, 1982).

(7) Chemical etching uye oxidation

Mushure memakanika kupenya nekudzikisa, zvigadzirwa zvealuminium zvakaputirwa ne masking agent kana photosensitive, uyezve makemikari etched (fluoride kana iron munyu etchant) mushure mekuoma kuita concave-convex pateni.Mushure mekugadzirwa kwe electrochemical polishing uye anodizing, inopa chimiro chepamusoro chine pfungwa yakasimba yemuviri, iyo inofananidzwa nekuonekwa kwepamusoro kwesimbi isina tsvina.Iye zvino inonyanya kushandiswa mumapeni egoridhe, mabhokisi etii uye zvidzitiro.

(8) Rapid anodic oxidation pane tembiricha yekamuri

Kazhinji, H2SO4 oxidation inoda midziyo yekutonhodza, iyo inoshandisa magetsi akawanda.Mushure mekuwedzera α-hydroxypropionic acid uye glycerol, kupera kweiyo oxide firimu kunogona kudziviswa, kuitira kuti oxidation iitwe pakupisa kwakajairika.Kuenzaniswa neyakajairika sulfuric acid oxidation nzira, ukobvu hwefirimu hunogona kuwedzerwa nekaviri.Iyo yakakurudzirwa maitiro formula ndeye:

H2SO4 150～160g/l

CH3CH(OH)COOH 18ml/l

CH2OHCHOHCH2OH 12ml/l

Kuwanda kwazvino 0.8～12A/d㎡

Voltage 12-18 volts

Tembiricha 18～22℃

(9) Chemical oxidation nzira (inozivikanwawo sekuti conductive oxide film)

Iyo corrosion resistance yefirimu iri pedyo neiyo sulfuric acid anodized film.Iyo conductive oxide firimu ine diki yekupikisa kuramba uye inogona kuitisa magetsi, nepo H2SO4 anodic oxide firimu haigone kuitisa magetsi nekuda kweiyo yakakura kubata kuramba.Kupokana kwekuora kweiyo conductive oxide firimu yakasimba zvakanyanya kupfuura yemhangura, sirivha kana tin plating paaluminium.Izvo zvisingabatsiri ndezvekuti iyo firimu layer haigone kutengeswa, chete nzvimbo welding inogona kushandiswa.Iyo yakakurudzirwa maitiro formula ndeye:

CrO3 4g/l, K4Fe(CN)6·3H2O 0.5g/l, NaF 1g/l, tembiricha 20～40℃, nguva 20～60 masekondi.

Mumakore achangopfuura, kurapwa kwepamusoro kwezvinhu zvealuminium kwakakura nekukurumidza pasi rose.Mamwe maitiro ekare anodhura vashandi, magetsi uye zviwanikwa zvakagadziridzwa, uye mamwe maitiro matsva uye matekinoroji ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri.

(1) High-speed anodizing nzira

Iyo yepamusoro-speed anodizing process inonyanya kuderedza kusagadzikana kwe electrolyte nekushandura kuumbwa kwemushonga we electrolytic, zvichigonesa kumhanyisa-kumhanya anodizing nekuwanda kwazvino.Mhinduro yemaitiro ekare akashandisa density iripo ye1A/d㎡ kugadzira firimu pachiyero che 0.2 kusvika 0.25μ/min.Mushure mekushandisa iyi nzira nyowani yekugadzirisa, kunyangwe iyo yazvino density ye1A/d㎡ ichiri kushandiswa, iyo firimu yekugadzira kumhanya inogona kuvandudzwa.Wedzera kusvika ku 0.4 ~ 0.5μ/min, kupfupisa zvakanyanya nguva yekugadzira uye kugadzirisa hunyanzvi hwekugadzira.

(2) Tomita mhando (high-speed oxidation) nzira

Iyo Tomita nzira ipfupi pane yekare maitiro, uye kubudirira kwekugadzira kunogona kuwedzerwa neanopfuura 33%.Iyi nzira haina kukodzera chete kune yakajairwa anodic oxide firimu, asiwo yakaoma firimu oxidation.

Kana firimu rakaoma richizogadzirwa, rinowanikwa nekuderedza kutonhora kwemushonga, uye firimu yekugadzira kukurumidza inenge yakafanana neyakanyorwa mutafura iri pamusoro.Hukama pakati pekuomarara kwefirimu uye tembiricha yemhinduro ndeiyi:

10℃——Kuoma 500H, 20℃——400H, 30℃——30H

(3) Ruby film

Maitiro ekugadzira firimu reruby pamusoro pealuminium inzira yenovel.Rudzi rwemufirimu runogona kufananidzwa nerubhi rekugadzira, saka chimiro chekushongedza chakanakisa, uye kushorwa kwekuora uye kushomeka kwekupfeka zvakare kwakanaka.Kuonekwa kwemavara akasiyana-siyana kunogonawo kugadzirirwa nemhando dzakasiyana dzesimbi oxides dziri mumhinduro.Maitiro ekuita ndeaya anotevera: Chekutanga, shandisa 15% sulfuric acid kune anodic oxidation, density iripo inoshandiswa ndeye 1A/d㎡, uye nguva i80 maminetsi.Mushure mekuiburitsa, workpiece inogona kunyudzwa mu (NH4) 2CrO4 mhinduro dzeakasiyana siyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nekudzika kweruvara, tembiricha i40 ℃, uye nguva yacho imaminitsi makumi matatu, kunyanya kurega maion esimbi achipinda muporous. anodic oxide film hole source.Wobva wawedzera sodium hydrogen sulfate (1 g molecular uremu), ammonium hydrogen sulfate (1.5 g molecular weight), tembiricha iri 170 ℃, density iripo i1A/d㎡, mushure mekurapwa kuri pamusoro, yepepuru-tsvuku uye inopenya fluorescent ruby. firimu rinogona kuwanikwa.Kana kunyudzwa kuri Fe2(CrO4)3, Na2CrO4, bhaisikopo rinozobuda rine bhuruu nefluorescence yepepuru yakadzika.

(4) Asada nzira electrolytic coloring

Asada nzira ye electrolytic coloring ndeyekugadzira simbi cations (nickel salts, cobalt salts, cobalt salts, etc.) inopinda muzasi pepinhole ye oxide firimu mushure mekuzora, kuburikidza nemagetsi emagetsi emagetsi, nekudaro kuisa mavara.Iyi nzira yakakurumidza kukura mumakore achangopfuura, kunyanya nokuti inogona kuwana toni dzebhuronzi nevatema, izvo zvinogamuchirwa neindasitiri yekuvaka.Rudzi rune kugadzikana kwechiedza uye rinogona kutsungirira mamiriro ekunze akaoma.Kuenzaniswa nemaitiro echisikigo emavara, maitiro aya anogona kuchengetedza simba remagetsi.Anenge ese maaluminium profiles ekuvaka muJapan akapendwa neiyi nzira.nyika yangu Tianjin, Yingkou, Guangdong nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakaunzawo tekinoroji yakadaro uye seti yakakwana yemidziyo.Mamwe mayunitsi muGuangdong akabudirira kuyedza nekushandisa mukugadzira.

(5) Natural coloring nzira

Iyo yakasikwa coloring nzira inopedzwa neimwe electrolysis.Kunewo marudzi akati wandei emhinduro, anosanganisira sulfosalicylic acid uye sulfuric acid, sulfotitanic acid uye sulfuric acid, uye sulfosalicylic acid uye maleic acid.Sezvo mazhinji echisikigo nzira dzemavara dzinoshandisa organic acids, iyo oxide firimu ine dendesi, uye iyo firimu layer ine yakanakisa mwenje kuramba, kupfeka kusamira uye kushora.Asi kukanganisa kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti: kuti uwane ruvara rwakanaka, kuumbwa kwealuminium alloy material inofanira kunyatsodzorwa.